Day 2

Day 2 Program Objectives: 

1. Perform basic caregiving tasks, such as personal hygiene and mobility assistance, with proficiency.

2. Develop a basic understanding of nutrition and hydration needs, and prepare meals suitable for care recipients in the Singaporean context.

3. Conduct a basic home safety assessment and identify potential hazards.

4. Execute basic first aid procedures and recall key steps for emergency response and local contact information.

Day 2 Learning Outcomes: 

By the end of Day 2, participants will be able to:

1. Perform and explain the steps involved in providing personal hygiene assistance (bathing, dressing, grooming) with sensitivity and respect.

2. Demonstrate safe and effective techniques for mobility assistance, including transferring, positioning, and using mobility aids.

3. Plan and prepare basic, nutritious meals considering dietary restrictions and cultural preferences prevalent in the Singaporean context.

4. Identify common household hazards and implement safety measures to prevent accidents and falls.

5. Conduct a basic first aid assessment and perform essential first aid procedures (e.g., wound care, managing choking).

6. Recall and articulate key emergency contact numbers and procedures, including knowing how to call for help and provide necessary information.

Day 2 Learning Schedule

9:00 – 9:15 AM

Arrival & Recap from Day 1

Welcome back participants. Quick group recap of key points from Day 1.

9:15 – 10:45 AM

Module 5: Basic Caregiving Skills – Part 1

Personal Hygiene: Bathing, grooming, dressing. Demonstration and guided practice.

10:45 – 11:00 AM

Morning Break

Light refreshments, informal discussion.

11:00 – 12:30 PM

Module 5: Basic Caregiving Skills – Part 2

Mobility Assistance: Transferring, positioning, and use of mobility aids. Role-play and peer feedback.

12:30 – 1:30 PM

Lunch Break

Catered or self-provided lunch. Encourage casual sharing.

1:30 – 2:30 PM

Module 6: Nutrition and Hydration Guidance

Basics of nutrition, meal planning, dietary restrictions, and hydration tips.

2:30 – 2:45 PM

Afternoon Break

Refreshments and short rest.

2:45 – 4:00 PM

Module 7 & 8: Safety Awareness and Emergency Procedures

Identifying hazards, accident prevention, first aid, and emergency contact numbers. Practice simulations.

4:00 – 4:45 PM

Scenario-Based Practice & Debrief

Participants respond to care scenarios using newly learned skills. Trainer gives feedback.

4:45 – 5:00 PM

Wrap-Up & Q&A

Final reflection on learning. Address outstanding questions. Preview of Day 3 if applicable.

SECTION A: PERSONAL HYGIENE CARE

Bathing

Types of Bathing:

• Assisted shower
  
  

• Bed bath (dry or wet)
  
  

• Sponge bath for frail or immobile persons
  
  

Safety & Dignity Guidelines:

• Test water temperature
  
  

• Use non-slip mats and shower chairs if needed
  
  

• Ensure privacy (use towel covers and close doors)
  
  

• Explain each step in simple language
  
  

Steps in Bed Bath (Simplified):

1. Gather supplies (basin, towel, soap, gloves, clean clothes)
   
   

2. Wash face → arms → chest → abdomen → legs → back → private areas
   
   

3. Dry each part thoroughly
   
   

4. Apply lotion and change into clean clothes

Dressing

Steps:

• Allow recipient to choose outfit if able
  
  

• Dress weaker side first, undress it last
  
  

• Use easy-to-wear clothes (elastic, front buttons)
  
  

• Offer assistance without rushing

Grooming

Key Tasks:

• Brushing hair and teeth
  
  

• Shaving (use electric razor when possible)
  
  

• Nail care: file nails only unless trained

Activity: Demonstration + Guided Practice

• Trainer demonstrates full bed bath on mannequin
  
  

• Pairs take turns practicing sponge bath and assisted dressing
  
  

• Trainer supervises and gives corrections

SECTION B: MOBILITY ASSISTANCE

Transferring

Examples:

• Bed to wheelchair
  
  

• Chair to toilet
  
  

• Floor to bed (with team help or assistive tools)
  
  

Steps Using a Transfer Belt:

1. Lock wheelchair brakes
   
   

2. Stand close, feet shoulder-width apart
   
   

3. Use belt to guide, not lift
   
   

4. Let recipient push off with hands if able

Positioning

Why it’s Important:

• Prevents pressure sores and stiffness
  
  

• Aids breathing and comfort
  
  

Key Techniques:

• Reposition every 2 hours
  
  

• Use pillows: behind back, between knees, under arms
  
  

• Elevate head if risk of aspiration

Activity: Practical Station Rotation

Participants rotate through 3 stations:

1. Transfer from bed to chair using belt
   
   

2. Repositioning a partner using pillows
   
   

3. Assisted walking with walker and gait belt
   
   

Trainer checks form, safety, and communication at each station.

Key Takeaways

• Safety and dignity go hand-in-hand in caregiving
  
  

• Always explain what you're doing before you do it
  
  

• Use proper body mechanics to protect yourself
  
  

• Encourage care recipients to do as much as they can independently

Section A: Understanding Basic Nutrition

What Makes a Balanced Meal? (Use My Healthy Plate or rainbow model)

• ½ plate: vegetables and fruits
  
  

• ¼ plate: whole grains (rice, noodles, bread)
  
  

• ¼ plate: protein (fish, chicken, tofu, eggs)
  
  

• Include healthy fats (oils, nuts) in moderation
  
  

Essential Nutrients for the Elderly/Special Needs:

• Protein: for muscles and recovery
  
  

• Calcium & Vitamin D: for bones
  
  

• Fiber: to prevent constipation
  
  

• Iron & B12: to prevent tiredness or weakness

Section B: Meal Planning and Preparation

Meal Tips for Home Care:

• Keep meals soft or bite-sized if chewing/swallowing is a challenge
  
  

• Avoid spicy or oily food for sensitive stomachs
  
  

• Use familiar and comforting foods when possible
  
  

• Offer meals at regular times (predictability helps with behavior)
  
  

Dietary Restrictions:

Diabetes

Avoid sugary food, control portions

High blood pressure

Reduce salt, avoid processed food

Stroke

Use soft foods, monitor swallowing

Activity:
Small Group Task: Build a sample day’s menu (breakfast, lunch, dinner) for a diabetic person using local foods.

Section C: Hydration Awareness

Why It's Important:

• Older adults and those with limited speech may forget to drink
  
  

• Dehydration leads to confusion, constipation, and fatigue
  
  

Tips for Caregivers:

• Offer water every 1–2 hours, not just at meals
  
  

• Provide soups, fruits (e.g., watermelon, papaya), or herbal teas
  
  

• Use visual reminders or hydration charts
  
  

Signs of Dehydration:

• Dry lips, dark urine, headache, constipation, dizziness
  
  

Special Note:

Persons with dementia or special needs may resist drinking — try using a favorite cup, flavoured water, or offering through gentle encouragement.

Key Takeaways

• Balanced meals improve energy and healing
  
  

• Respect the care recipient’s preferences and religious food needs
  
  

• Keep water visible, accessible, and part of routine
  
  

• Adapt food texture and content based on condition and age

Section C: Emergency Procedures

Types of Emergencies:

• Fainting or loss of consciousness

• Choking during meals
  
  

• Fall with injury
  
  

• Fire or smoke in the home
  
  

• Unresponsiveness / CPR / AED
  
  

Emergency Response Steps (Simple Version):

1. Stay calm — do not panic
   
   

2. Ensure your own safety first
   
   

3. Check the care recipient — breathing, consciousness
   
   

4. Call for help or emergency services
   
   

5. Give first aid if trained
   
   

6. Stay with the care recipient until help arrives

Scenario Practice (Role-Playing)

Scenario 1: The care recipient faints while standing

• Recognize signs of fainting (pale, dizzy, suddenly limp)
  
  

• Ease to ground safely
  
  

• Check breathing, call for help, elevate legs
  
  

Scenario 2: Choking during meal

• Coughing forcefully = encourage to keep coughing
  
  

• If silent or cannot speak = perform Heimlich (if trained)
  
  

• Call 995 immediately
  
  

Scenario 3: Fire in kitchen

• Remove person from danger if safe
  
  

• Use fire blanket or extinguisher if trained
  
  

• Close door, call 995
  
  

• Do not pour water on oil fire!

Key Takeaways

• Always prepare for emergencies — prevention is better than cure
  
  

• Stay calm, think clearly, and act in a step-by-step way
  
  

• Know who to call and where safety equipment is stored
  
  

• Practice makes you more confident in a real emergency